Possible detection of the M31 rotation in WMAP data

Abstract

Data on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) had a profound impact on the understanding of a variety of physical processes in the early phases of the Universe and on the estimation of the cosmological parameters. Here, the 7-year WMAP data are used to trace the disk and the halo of the nearby giant spiral galaxy M31. We analyzed the temperature excess in three WMAP bands (W, V, and Q) by dividing the region of the sky around M31 into several concentric circular areas. We studied the robustness of the detected temperature excess by considering 500 random control fields in the real WMAP maps and simulating 500 sky maps from the best-fitted cosmological parameters. By comparing the obtained temperature contrast profiles with the real ones towards the M31 galaxy, we find that the temperature asymmetry in the M31 disk is fairly robust, while the effect in the halo is weaker. An asymmetry in the mean microwave temperature in the M31 disk along the direction of the M31 rotation is observed with a temperature contrast up to about 130 microK/pixel. We also find a temperature asymmetry in the M31 halo, which is much weaker than for the disk, up to a galactocentric distance of about 10 degrees (120 kpc) with a peak temperature contrast of about 40 microK/pixel. Although the confidence level of the signal is not high, if estimated purely statistically, which could be expected due to the weakness of the effect, the geometrical structure of the temperature asymmetry points towards a definite effect modulated by the rotation of the M31 halo. This result might open a new way to probe these relatively less studied galactic objects using high-accuracy CMB measurements, such as those with the Planck satellite or planned balloon-based experiments, which could prove or disprove our conclusions.

6 pages, 5 figures, in press on Astronomy and Astrophysics Letters, 2011

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• Triangulum galaxy viewed by Planck
• CMB as a possible new tool to study the dark baryons in galaxies
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• Recent developments in astrophysical and cosmological exploitation of microwave surveys
• Virial clouds explaining the observed rotational asymmetry in the galactic halos
• The rotational kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich contribution to the temperature asymmetry toward the M31 halo
• On the Galactic Halos Rotation by Planck Data
• Evolution of virial clouds-I: from surface of last scattering up to the formation of population-III stars
• Messier 90 galactic halo rotation in the microwaves
• The Baryonic Mass Estimates of the Milky Way Halo in the form of High Velocity Clouds
• Virial clouds to explain rotational asymmetry in galactic halos