Birings and plethories of integer-valued polynomials

Abstract

Let $A$ and $B$ be commutative rings with identity. An {\it $A$-$B$-biring} is an $A$-algebra $S$ together with a lift of the functor $Ho{m}_A(S,-)$ from $A$-algebras to sets to a functor from $A$-algebras to $B$-algebras. An {\it $A$-plethory} is a monoid object in the monoidal category, equipped with the composition product, of $A$-$A$-birings. The polynomial ring $A[X]$ is an initial object in the category of such structures. The $D$-algebra $Int(D)$ has such a structure if $D=A$ is a domain such that the natural $D$-algebra homomorphism ${\theta }_n:{{⨂}_D}_{i=1}^{n}Int(D)⟶Int(D^n)$ is an isomorphism for $n=2$ and injective for $n\le 4$. This holds in particular if ${\theta }_n$ is an isomorphism for all $n$, which in turn holds, for example, if $D$ is a Krull domain or more generally a TV PVMD. In these cases we also examine properties of the functor $Ho{m}_D(Int(D),-)$ from $D$-algebras to $D$-algebras, which we hope to show is a new object worthy of investigation in the theory of integer-valued polynomials.

8 pages