Specific heat anomalies of small quantum systems subjected to finite baths

Abstract

We have studied the specific heat of the $(N_S+N_B)$ model for an $N_S$-body harmonic oscillator (HO) system which is strongly coupled to an $N_B$-body HO bath without dissipation. The system specific heat of $C_S(T)$ becomes $N_S{k}_B$ at $T\to \infty$ and vanishes at $T=0$ in accordance with the third law of thermodynamics. The calculated $C_S(T)$ at low temperatures is not proportional to $N_S$ and shows an anomalous temperature dependence, strongly depending on $N_S$, $N_B$ and the system-bath coupling. In particular at very low (but finite) temperatures, it may become {\it negative} for a strong system-bath coupling, which is in contrast with {\it non-negative} specific heat of an HO system with $N_S=1$ reported by G-L. Ingold, P. Hänggi and P. Talkner [Phys. Rev. E {\bf 79}, 061105 (2005)]. Our calculation indicates an importance of taking account of finite $N_S$ in studying open quantum systems which may include an arbitrary number of particles in general.

23 pages, 7 figures, the final version accepted in J. Math. Phys

References in corpus (5)

• Exact Master Equation and Quantum Decoherence of Two Coupled Harmonic Oscillators in a General Environment
• Finite quantum dissipation: the challenge of obtaining specific heat
• Specific heat anomalies of open quantum systems
• Thermodynamics of a subensemble of a canonical ensemble
• Thermalization in open classical systems with finite heat baths

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