Semi-global symplectic invariants of the spherical pendulum

Abstract

We explicitly compute the semi-global symplectic invariants near the focus-focus point of the spherical pendulum. A modified Birkhoff normal form procedure is presented to compute the expansion of the Hamiltonian near the unstable equilibrium point in Eliasson-variables. Combining this with explicit formulas for the action we find the semi-global symplectic invariants near the focus-focus point introduced by Vu Ngoc 2003. We also show that the Birkhoff normal form is the inverse of a complete elliptic integral over a vanishing cycle. To our knowledge this is the first time that semi-global symplectic invariants near a focus-focus point have been computed explicitly. We close with some remarks about the pendulum, for which the invariants can be related to theta functions in a beautiful way.

27 pages, 2 figures

References in corpus (3)

• Semitoric integrable systems on symplectic 4-manifolds
• Vanishing Twist near Focus-Focus Points
• Vanishing Twist in the Hamiltonian Hopf Bifurcation

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