Exact polynomial solutions of second order differential equations and their applications

Abstract

We find all polynomials $Z(z)$ such that the differential equation $$X(z)\frac{d^2}{d{z}^2}+Y(z)\frac{d}{dz}+Z(z)S(z)=0,$$ where $X(z),Y(z),Z(z)$ are polynomials of degree at most 4, 3, 2 respectively, has polynomial solutions $S(z)={\prod }_{i=1}^n(z-z_i)$ of degree $n$ with distinct roots $z_i$. We derive a set of $n$ algebraic equations which determine these roots. We also find all polynomials $Z(z)$ which give polynomial solutions to the differential equation when the coefficients of X(z) and Y(z) are algebraically dependent. As applications to our general results, we obtain the exact (closed-form) solutions of the Schrödinger type differential equations describing: 1) Two Coulombically repelling electrons on a sphere; 2) Schrödinger equation from kink stability analysis of ${\varphi }^6$-type field theory; 3) Static perturbations for the non-extremal Reissner-Nordström solution; 4) Planar Dirac electron in Coulomb and magnetic fields; and 5) O(N) invariant decatic anharmonic oscillator.

LaTex 25 pages

References in corpus (3)

• Two electrons on a hypersphere: a quasi-exactly solvable model
• Excited states of spherium
• The generalized Heun equation in QFT in curved space-times

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