Neutral and charged matter in equilibrium with black holes

Abstract

We study the conditions of a possible static equilibrium between spherically symmetric, electrically charged or neutral black holes and ambient matter. The following kinds of matter are considered: (1) neutral and charged matter with a linear equation of state p_r = wρ(for neutral matter the results of our previous work are reproduced), (2) neutral and charged matter with p_r \sim ρ^m, m > 1, and (3) the possible presence of a "vacuum fluid" (the cosmological constant or, more generally, anything that satisfies the equality T^0_0 = T^1_1 at least at the horizon). We find a number of new cases of such an equilibrium, including those generalizing the well-known Majumdar-Papapetrou conditions for charged dust. It turns out, in particular, that ultraextremal black holes cannot be in equilibrium with any matter in the absence of a vacuum fluid; meanwhile, matter with w > 0, if it is properly charged, can surround an extremal charged black hole.

12 pages, no figures, final version published in PRD

References in corpus (3)

• Charged anisotropic matter with linear equation of state
• Quasi-black holes: definition and general properties
• Horizons vs. singularities in spherically symmetric space-times

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• Isotropization in Chaplygin matter universes connected by a wormhole
• Naked and truly naked rotating black holes