Big-bang nucleosynthesis with a long-lived charged massive particle including ${}^4$He spallation processes

Abstract

We propose helium-4 spallation processes induced by long-lived stau in supersymmetric standard models, and investigate an impact of the processes on light elements abundances. We show that, as long as the phase space of helium-4 spallation processes is open, they are more important than stau-catalyzed fusion and hence constrain the stau property.

12 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, references added, all figures corrected