Influence of cosmological models on the GZK horizon of ultrahigh energy protons

Abstract

We investigate how the density of baryonic and cold dark matter, the density of dark energy and the value of the Hubble parameter at the present time influence the propagation of ultrahigh energy protons in the nearby Universe. We take into account energy losses in the cosmic microwave radiation, the only one relevant for protons above $10^{18}$ eV, and we explore the dependence of Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuz'min (GZK) horizon on the cosmology. We investigate several cosmological scenarios, from matter dominated to energy dominated ones, and we consider the impact of uncertainties in the Hubble parameter in a $\Lambda -$Cold Dark Matter (CDM) Universe, estimated from recent observations, on the GZK horizon. The impact of the (unknown) extragalactic magnetic field on our study is discussed, as well as possible probes of the Hubble parameter attainable by current and future experiments.

25 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables

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• Propagation of extragalactic photons at ultra-high energy with the EleCa code
• Cosmic Ray Origin: Lessons from Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays and the Galactic/Extragalactic Transition
• The gluon condensation at high energy hadron collisions
• Impact of using the ultra-high-energy cosmic ray arrival energies to constrain source associations
• A Bayesian analysis of the 69 highest energy cosmic rays detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory
• A Bayesian self-clustering analysis of the highest energy cosmic rays detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory