Spitzer Characterization of Dust in the Ionized Medium of the Large Magellanic Cloud

Abstract

A systematic investigation of dust emission associated with the ionized gas has so far been performed only in our Galaxy and for wavelengths longer than 60 μm. Newly available Spitzer data now offer the opportunity to carry out a similar analysis in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). By cross-correlating Spitzer SAGE (Surveying the Agents of a Galaxy's Evolution) data with the ATCA/Parkes HI 21-cm data, the NANTEN 12CO (J=1-0) data, and both the SHASSA Hα and the Parkes 6-cm data, we investigate the physical properties of dust associated with the different phases of the gas (atomic, molecular and ionized). In particular, we study the presence and nature of dust from 3.6 to 160 μm and for various regimes of the ionized gas, spanning emission measures (EM) from \sim 1 pc cm-6 (diffuse component) to \sim 10^3 pc cm-6 (HII regions). Using a dust emission model, and testing our results with several radiation field spectra, we show that dust in the ionized gas is warmer than dust associated with other phases (atomic and molecular). We also find a decrease of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) relative abundance with respect to big grains (BGs), as well as an increase of the near infrared (NIR) continuum. These three results (e.g. warmer temperature, decrease of PAH abundance and increase of the NIR continuum) are found consistently for all regimes of the ionized gas. On the contrary, the molecular phase appears to provide favorable conditions for the survival of PAHs. Furthermore, the very small grain (VSG) relative abundance tends to increase in the ionized phase, especially in bright HII regions. Last but not least, our analysis shows that the emissivity of dust associated with the ionized gas is lower in the LMC than in our Galaxy, and that this difference is not accounted for by the lower metallicity of the LMC.

Accepted for publication in ApJ, 15 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables

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• Toward a better understanding of the mid-infrared emission in the LMC
• Revisiting the dust properties in the molecular clouds of the Large Magellanic Cloud
• The pros and cons of the inversion method approach to derive 3D dust emission properties of the ISM: the Hi-GAL field centred on (l,b)=(30${}^{\circ }$,0${}^{\circ }$)
• SPHEREx mapping of diffuse PAH and H II emission in the Galactic plane