Distribution of Elements of Cosets of Small Subgroups and Applications

Abstract

We obtain a series of estimates on the number of small integers and small order Farey fractions which belong to a given coset of a subgroup of order $t$ of the group of units of the residue ring modulo a prime $p$, in the case when $t$ is small compared to $p$. We give two applications of these results: to the simultaneous distribution of two high degree monomials $x^{k_1}$ and $x^{k_2}$ modulo $p$ and to a question of J. Holden and P. Moree on fixed points of the discrete logarithm.

Duplicated submission, see also http://arxiv.org/abs/1103.0567