Natural Resolution of the Proton Size Puzzle

Abstract

We show that off-mass-shell effects arising from the internal structure of the proton provide a new proton polarization mechanism in the Lamb shift, proportional to the lepton mass to the fourth power. This effect is capable of resolving the current puzzle regarding the difference in the proton radius extracted from muonic compared with electronic hydrogen. These off-mass-shell effects could be probed in several other experiments.

6 pages, 1 figure. This revised version contains various clarifications

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Cited by in corpus (31)

• Muonic hydrogen and the proton radius puzzle
• The Proton Radius Puzzle
• High Precision Measurement of the Proton Elastic Form Factor Ratio ${\mu }_p{G}_E/G_M$ at low $Q^2$
• Theory of the 2S-2P Lamb shift and 2S hyperfine splitting in muonic hydrogen
• Defining the Proton Radius: a Unified Treatment
• Higher order proton structure corrections to the Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen
• Proton polarisability contribution to the Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen at fourth order in chiral perturbation theory
• Model independent extraction of the proton magnetic radius from electron scattering
• The NRQED lagrangian at order 1/M^4
• Role of diquark correlations and the pion cloud in nucleon elastic form factors
• Electrophobic Scalar Boson and Muonic Puzzles
• Proton Polarizability Contribution: Muonic Hydrogen Lamb Shift and Elastic Scattering
• Non-perturbative evaluation of some QED contributions to the muonic hydrogen $\mathbf{n}=2$ Lamb shift and hyperfine structure
• $\mu -H$ Lamb shift: dispersing the nucleon-excitation uncertainty with a finite energy sum rule
• The nucleon and Delta(1232) form factors at low momentum-transfer and small pion masses
• Improved estimates of the nuclear structure corrections in $\mu$D
• Nucleon Compton scattering in the Dyson-Schwinger approach
• Nuclear structure corrections to the Lamb shift in ${\mu }^3$He${}^{+}$ and ${\mu }^3$H
• Hyperfine structure of S-states in muonic deuterium
• Lamb shift in muonic ions of lithium, beryllium and boron
• Nucleon resonances in Compton scattering
• Why three-body physics do not solve the proton radius puzzle
• Nonidentical protons
• Hyperfine structure of P-states in muonic deuterium
• Systematic study of octet-baryon electromagnetic form factors in covariant chiral perturbation theory
• Eta Decay and Muonic Puzzles
• Nuclear Quasi-Elastic Electron Scattering Limits Nucleon Off-Mass Shell Properties
• Effects of Non-Commutativity on Light-Hydrogen-Like Atoms and Proton Radius
• Vacuum polarization and quadrupole corrections to the hyperfine splitting of P-states in muonic deuterium
• Proton Charge Radius and Precision Tests of QED
• The Muon Experimental Anomalies Are Explained by a New Interaction Proportional to Charge