Natural Resolution of the Proton Size Puzzle

Abstract

We show that off-mass-shell effects arising from the internal structure of the proton provide a new proton polarization mechanism in the Lamb shift, proportional to the lepton mass to the fourth power. This effect is capable of resolving the current puzzle regarding the difference in the proton radius extracted from muonic compared with electronic hydrogen. These off-mass-shell effects could be probed in several other experiments.

arXiv comment6 pages, 1 figure. This revised version contains various clarifications

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Cited by in corpus (31)

• Muonic hydrogen and the proton radius puzzle
• The Proton Radius Puzzle
• High Precision Measurement of the Proton Elastic Form Factor Ratio ${\mu }_p{G}_E/G_M$ at low $Q^2$
• Theory of the 2S-2P Lamb shift and 2S hyperfine splitting in muonic hydrogen
• Defining the Proton Radius: a Unified Treatment
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• $\mu -H$ Lamb shift: dispersing the nucleon-excitation uncertainty with a finite energy sum rule
• The nucleon and Delta(1232) form factors at low momentum-transfer and small pion masses
• Improved estimates of the nuclear structure corrections in $\mu$D
• Nucleon Compton scattering in the Dyson-Schwinger approach
• Nuclear structure corrections to the Lamb shift in ${\mu }^3$He${}^{+}$ and ${\mu }^3$H
• Hyperfine structure of S-states in muonic deuterium
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• The Muon Experimental Anomalies Are Explained by a New Interaction Proportional to Charge