Phase Estimation with Non-Unitary Interferometers: Information as a Metric
arXiv:1012.5293 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.83.053601
Abstract
Determining the phase in one arm of a quantum interferometer is discussed taking into account the three non-ideal aspects in real experiments: non-deterministic state preparation, non-unitary state evolution due to losses during state propagation, and imperfect state detection. A general expression is written for the probability of a measurement outcome taking into account these three non-ideal aspects. As an example of applying the formalism, the classical Fisher information and fidelity (Shannon mutual information between phase and measurements) are computed for few-photon Fock and N00N states input into a lossy Mach-Zehnder interferometer. These three non-ideal aspects lead to qualitative differences in phase estimation, such as a decrease in fidelity and Fisher information that depends on the true value of the phase.
16 pages, 13 figures. Replacement text contains small changes. Figure 5 replaced due to printing problem
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