Open Mushrooms: Stickiness revisited

Abstract

We investigate mushroom billiards, a class of dynamical systems with sharply divided phase space. For typical values of the control parameter of the system $\rho$, an infinite number of marginally unstable periodic orbits (MUPOs) exist making the system sticky in the sense that unstable orbits approach regular regions in phase space and thus exhibit regular behaviour for long periods of time. The problem of finding these MUPOs is expressed as the well known problem of finding optimal rational approximations of a real number, subject to some system-specific constraints. By introducing a generalized mushroom and using properties of continued fractions, we describe a zero measure set of control parameter values $\rho \in (0,1)$ for which all MUPOs are destroyed and therefore the system is less sticky. The open mushroom (billiard with a hole) is then considered in order to quantify the stickiness exhibited and exact leading order expressions for the algebraic decay of the survival probability function $P(t)$ are calculated for mushrooms with triangular and rectangular stems.

21 pages, 11 figures. Includes discussion of a three-dimensional mushroom

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• Thermodynamics of a time dependent and dissipative oval billiard: a heat transfer and billiard approach
• Effect of noise in open chaotic billiards
• Chaotic and Arnold stripes in weakly chaotic Hamiltonian systems
• Survival Probability for Open Spherical Billiards
• Quantifying intermittency in the open drivebelt billiard
• Separation of particles leading to decay and unlimited growth of energy in a driven stadium-like billiard
• Bill2d - a software package for classical two-dimensional Hamiltonian systems
• Few Islands Approximation of Hamiltonian System with divided Phase Space