Generalizing the Cosmic Energy Equation

Abstract

We generalize the cosmic energy equation to the case when massive particles interact via a modified gravitational potential of the form phi(a, r), which is allowed to explicitly depend upon the cosmological time through the expansion factor a(t). Using the nonrelativistic approximation for particle dynamics, we derive the equation for the cosmological expansion which has the form of the Friedmann equation with a renormalized gravitational constant. The generalized Layzer-Irvine cosmic energy equation and the associated cosmic virial theorem are applied to some recently proposed modifications of the Newtonian gravitational interaction between dark-matter particles. We also draw attention to the possibility that the cosmic energy equation may be used to probe the expansion history of the universe thereby throwing light on the nature of dark matter and dark energy.

11 pages; technical issue in the previous submission corrected; version to match publication in Phys. Rev. D [Rapid Communication]

References in corpus (11)

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• Two new diagnostics of dark energy
• The Cosmic Energy Inventory
• Interacting Dark Matter and Dark Energy
• Tracking and coupled dark energy as seen by WMAP
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• Tidal Tails Test the Equivalence Principle in the Dark Sector
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Cited by in corpus (10)

• Effects of Cosmological Constant on Clustering of Galaxies
• Clustering of Galaxies with Dynamical Dark Energy
• The Layzer-Irvine equation in theories with non-minimal coupling between matter and curvature
• Discrete Newtonian Cosmology: Perturbations
• The large scale structure formation in an expanding universe
• Generalized Layzer-Irvine equation: the role of dark energy perturbations in cosmic structure formation
• The Layzer-Irvine Equation for Scalar-Tensor Theories: A Test of Modified Gravity N-body Simulations
• Layzer-Irvine equation: new perspectives and the role of interacting dark energy
• Time dependent dark energy and the thermodynamics of many-body systems
• Testing the Dark Universe through the Layzer-Irvine Equation