Majorana surface states of superfluid 3He A- and B-phases in a slab

Abstract

Motivated by experiments on the superfluid 3He confined in a thin slab, we design a concrete experimental setup for observing the Majorana surface states. We solve the quasi-classical Eilenberger equation, which is quantitatively reliable, to evaluate several quantities, such as local density of states (LDOS), mass current for the A-phase, and spin current for the B-phase. In connection with realistic slab samples, we consider the upper and lower surfaces and the side edges including the corners with several thicknesses. Consequently the influence on the Majorana zero modes from the spatial variation of l-vector for the A-phase in thick slabs and the energy splitting of the zero-energy quasi-particles for the B-phase confined in thin slabs are demonstrated. The corner of slabs in the B-phase is accompanied by the unique zero-energy LDOS of corner modes. On the basis of the quantitative calculation, we propose several feasible and verifiable experiments to check the existence of the Majorana surface states, such as the measurement of specific heat, edge current, and anisotropic spin susceptibility.

arXiv comment13 pages, 10 figures, published version

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• Theory of tunneling spectroscopy for chiral topological superconductors
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• Directly Detecting the Edge Current in a $p_x+i{p}_y$ Topological Superfluid
• Locally gauge-invariant spin response of ${}^3$He-$B$ films with Majorana surface states
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