Mapping and Spectroscopy of the Planetary Nebula NGC 7009 in the Visual and Infrared

Abstract

NGC 7009 is a fascinating example of a high excitation, elliptical planetary nebula (PN) containing circum-nebular rings, and FLIERs and jets along the major axis. We present visual spectroscopy along multiple position angles through the nucleus, taken with the Observatorio Astronomico Nacional (Mexico); mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy and imaging acquired using the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) and Spitzer Space Telescope (SST), and narrow band imaging obtained using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). The data show that the mid-infrared (MIR) continuum is dominated by a broad ~ 100K continuum, and a strong excess attributable to crystalline silicate emission. The primary peaks in this excess are similar to those observed in Forsterite and clino- and ortho-enstatite. We use the ground-based spectroscopy, and ratioing of HST images to investigate the presence of shocks in the ansae and interior envelope. It is concluded that line ratios in the ansae may be partially consistent with shock excitation, although these features are primarily dominated by photo-ionisation. We also note evidence for shock excitation at the limits of the interior elliptical shell, and for multiple bow-shock structures centered upon the ansae.

22 pages, 19 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 52 pages in arXiv

References in corpus (2)

• Integral field spectroscopy of planetary nebulae: mapping the line diagnostics and hydrogen-poor zones with VLT FLAMES
• Rings and Halos in the Mid-Infrared: The Planetary Nebulae NGC 7354 and NGC 3242

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