The size of coefficients of certain polynomials related to the Goldbach conjecture

Abstract

Recent work of Borwein, Choi, and the second author examined a collection of polynomials closely related to the Goldbach conjecture: the polynomial $F_N$ is divisible by the $N$th cyclotomic polynomial if and only if there is no representation of $N$ as the sum of two odd primes. The coefficients of these polynomials stabilize, as $N$ grows, to a fixed sequence $a(m)$; they derived upper and lower bounds for $a(m)$, and an asymptotic formula for the summatory function $A(M)$ of the sequence, both under the assumption of a famous conjecture of Hardy and Littlewood. In this article we improve these results: we obtain an asymptotic formula for $a(m)$ under the same assumption, and we establish the asymptotic formula for $A(M)$ unconditionally.