Sound propagation and force chains in granular materials
arXiv:1007.3908 · doi:10.1209/0295-5075/94/54005
Abstract
Granular materials are inherently heterogeneous, leading to challenges in formulating accurate models of sound propagation. In order to quantify acoustic responses in space and time, we perform experiments in a photoelastic granular material in which the internal stress pattern (in the form of force chains) is visible. We utilize two complementary methods, high-speed imaging and piezoelectric transduction, to provide particle-scale measurements of both the amplitude and speed of an acoustic wave in the near-field regime. We observe that the wave amplitude is on average largest within particles experiencing the largest forces, particularly in those chains radiating away from the source, with the force-dependence of this amplitude in qualitative agreement with a simple Hertzian-like model of particle contact area. In addition, we are able to directly observe rare transient force chains formed by the opening and closing of contacts during propagation. The speed of the leading edge of the pulse is in quantitative agreement with predictions for one-dimensional chains, while the slower speed of the peak response suggests that it contains waves which have travelled over multiple paths even within just this near-field region. These effects highlight the importance of particle-scale behaviors in determining the acoustical properties of granular materials.
References in corpus (3)
Cited by in corpus (31)
- Photoelastic force measurements in granular materials
- Network Analysis of Particles and Grains
- Particle Scale Dynamics in Granular Impact
- Extraction of Force-Chain Network Architecture in Granular Materials Using Community Detection
- The Influence of Network Topology on Sound Propagation in Granular Materials
- Enlightening force chains: a review of photoelasticimetry in granular matter
- Evolution of network architecture in a granular material under compression
- Nonlinear Force Propagation during Granular Impact
- Topological and geometric measurements of force chain structure
- Perspective: Mechanics of randomly packed filaments -- the `bird nest' as meta-material
- Focus on Imaging Methods in Granular Physics
- Robust Prediction of Force Chains in Jammed Solids using Graph Neural Networks
- Wave mitigation in ordered networks of granular chains
- Bridges in three-dimensional granular packings: experiments and simulations
- Sounds of Failure: Passive Acoustic Measurements of Excited Vibrational Modes
- Coherent force chains in disordered granular materials emerge from a percolation of quasilinear clusters
- Monitoring Three-Dimensional Packings in Microgravity
- Propagation and attenuation of pulses driven by low velocity normal impacts in granular media
- Acoustic Waves in Granular Packings at Low Confinement Pressure
- Force Percolation Transition of Jammed Granular Systems
- Conical Wave Propagation and Diffraction in 2D Hexagonally Packed Granular Lattices
- Localization in random bipartite graphs: numerical and empirical study
- Random-Graph Models and Characterization of Granular Networks
- Impact-induced collapse of an inclined wet granular layer
- Towards understanding structure-function relationships in random fiber networks
- Emergence of wind ripples controlled by mechanics of grain-bed impacts
- Dispersive wave propagation in disordered flexible fibers enhances stress attenuation
- Simulation of Lateral Impulse Induced Inertial Dilation at the Surface of a Vacuum-Exposed Granular Assembly
- Experimental measurements of the granular density of modes via impact
- Particle contact dynamics as the origin for non-integer power expansion rheology in attractive suspension networks
- Force chains bias the dynamic response to impacts in rubble-pile asteroids