Dynamical Phase Transitions and Instabilities in Open Atomic Many-Body Systems
arXiv:1003.2071 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.015702
Abstract
We discuss an open driven-dissipative many-body system, in which the competition of unitary Hamiltonian and dissipative Liouvillian dynamics leads to a nonequilibrium phase transition. It shares features of a quantum phase transition in that it is interaction driven, and of a classical phase transition, in that the ordered phase is continuously connected to a thermal state. Within a generalized Gutzwiller approach which includes the description of mixed state density matrices, we characterize the complete phase diagram and the critical behavior at the phase transition approached as a function of time. We find a novel fluctuation induced dynamical instability, which occurs at long wavelength as a consequence of a subtle dissipative renormalization effect on the speed of sound.
4+ pages, 3 figures
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