Nonequilibrium thermodynamics at the microscale: Work relations and the second law
arXiv:1002.1230 · doi:10.1016/j.physa.2010.01.001
Abstract
For macroscopic systems, the second law of thermodynamics establishes an inequality between the amount of work performed on a system in contact with a thermal reservoir, and the change in its free energy. For microscopic systems, this result must be considered statistically, as fluctuations around average behavior become substantial. In recent years it has become recognized that these fluctuations satisfy a number of strong and unexpected relations, which remain valid even when the system is driven far from equilibrium. We discuss these relations, and consider what they reveal about the second law of thermodynamics and the nature of irreversibility at the microscale.
Lecture notes. Fundamental Problems in Statistical Physics XII, Leuven, Aug 30 - Sept 12, 2009
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- Unitary work extraction from a Generalized Gibbs Ensemble using Bragg scattering
- Statistics of work done in degenerate parametric amplification process
- A work fluctuation theorem for a Brownian particle in a non confining potentia
- Free energy potential and temperature with information exchange