Cluster-based architecture for fault-tolerant quantum computation

Abstract

We present a detailed description of an architecture for fault-tolerant quantum computation, which is based on the cluster model of encoded qubits. In this cluster-based architecture, concatenated computation is implemented in a quite different way from the usual circuit-based architecture where physical gates are recursively replaced by logical gates with error-correction gadgets. Instead, some relevant cluster states, say fundamental clusters, are recursively constructed through verification and postselection in advance for the higher-level one-way computation, which namely provides error-precorrection of gate operations. A suitable code such as the Steane seven-qubit code is adopted for transversal operations. This concatenated construction of verified fundamental clusters has a simple transversal structure of logical errors, and achieves a high noise threshold ~ 3 % for computation by using appropriate verification procedures. Since the postselection is localized within each fundamental cluster with the help of deterministic bare controlled-Z gates without verification, divergence of resources is restrained, which reconciles postselection with scalability.

16 pages, 34 figures

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• Experimental demonstration of a graph state quantum error-correction code
• Analog quantum error correction with encoding a qubit into an oscillator
• Verifiable fault-tolerance in measurement-based quantum computation
• Building a large-scale quantum computer with continuous-variable optical technologies
• Fault-Tolerant Topological One-Way Quantum Computation with Probabilistic Two-Qubit Gates
• Measurement-free topological protection using dissipative feedback
• Quantum Computation with Topological Codes: from qubit to topological fault-tolerance
• Topological One-Way Quantum Computation on Verified Logical Cluster States
• Highly photon loss tolerant quantum computing using hybrid qubits
• Edge local complementation for logical cluster states
• Computational quantum-classical boundary of complex and noisy quantum systems