Strong correlations in quantum vortex nucleation of ultracold atomic gases

Abstract

We review some recent developments in the theory of rotating atomic gases. These studies have thrown light on the process of nucleation of vortices in regimes where mean-field methods are inadequate. In our review we shall describe and compare quantum vortex nucleation of a dilute ultracold bosonic gas trapped in three different configurations: a one-dimensional ring lattice, a one-dimensional ring superlattice and a two-dimensional asymmetric harmonic trap. In all of them there is a critical rotation frequency, at which the particles in the ground state exhibit strong quantum correlations. However, the entanglement properties vary significantly from case to case. We explain these differences by characterizing the intermediate states that participate in the vortex nucleation process. Finally, we show that noise correlations are sensitive to these differences. These new studies have, therefore, shown how novel quantum states may be produced and probed in future experiments with rotating neutral atom systems.

17 pages, 5 figures

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• Superposition states of ultracold bosons in rotating rings with a realistic potential barrier
• Vortices in Bose-Einstein condensates - finite-size effects and the thermodynamic limit
• Chaos and two-level dynamics of the Atomtronic Quantum Interference Device
• Degeneracy of Many-body Quantum States in an Optical Lattice with a Uniform Magnetic Field
• Quantum Information Approach to Bose-Einstein Condensate in a Tilted Double-Well System