An Exponential Lower Bound on OBDD Refutations for Pigeonhole Formulas

Abstract

Haken proved that every resolution refutation of the pigeonhole formula has at least exponential size. Groote and Zantema proved that a particular OBDD computation of the pigeonhole formula has an exponential size. Here we show that any arbitrary OBDD refutation of the pigeonhole formula has an exponential size, too: we prove that the size of one of the intermediate OBDDs is at least $\Omega (1.025^n)$.