Dissipation and lag in irreversible processes

Abstract

When a system is perturbed by the variation of external parameters, a lag generally develops between the actual state of the system and the equilibrium state corresponding to the current parameter values. We establish a microscopic, quantitative relation between this lag and the dissipated work that accompanies the process. We illustrate this relation using a model system.

6 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in EPL

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