Early phase observations of extremely luminous Type Ia Supernova 2009dc

Abstract

We present early phase observations in optical and near-infrared wavelengths for the extremely luminous Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) 2009dc. The decline rate of the light curve is $\hat{I}”m_{15}(B)=0.65\pm 0.03$, which is one of the slowest among SNe Ia. The peak $V$-band absolute magnitude is $M_V=-19.90\pm 0.15$ mag even if the host extinction is $A_V=0$ mag. It reaches $M_V=-20.19\pm 0.19$ mag for the host extinction of $A_V=0.29$ mag as inferred from the observed Na {\sc i} D line absorption in the host. Our $JH{K}_s$-band photometry shows that the SN is one of the most luminous SNe Ia also in near-infrared wavelengths. These results indicate that SN 2009dc belongs to the most luminous class of SNe Ia, like SN 2003fg and SN 2006gz. We estimate the ejected ${}^{56}$Ni mass of $1.2\pm 0.3$ $\Msun$ for no host extinction case (or 1.6$\pm$ 0.4 M${}_{\odot }$ for the host extinction of $A_V=0.29$ mag). The C {\sc ii} $\hat{I}»$6580 absorption line keeps visible until a week after maximum, which diminished in SN 2006gz before its maximum brightness. The line velocity of Si {\sc ii} $\hat{I}»$6355 is about 8000 km s${}^{-1}$ around the maximum, being considerably slower than that of SN 2006gz, while comparable to that of SN 2003fg. The velocity of the C {\sc ii} line is almost comparable to that of the Si {\sc ii}. The presence of the carbon line suggests that thick unburned C+O layers remain after the explosion. SN 2009dc is a plausible candidate of the super-Chandrasekhar mass SNe Ia.