Non-DMS related ferromagnetism in transition metal doped zinc oxide

Abstract

We review pitfalls in recent efforts to make a conventional semiconductor, namely ZnO, ferromagnetic by means of doping with transition metal ions. Since the solubility of those elements is rather low, formation of secondary phases and the creation of defects upon low temperature processing can lead to unwanted magnetic effects. Among others, ion implantation is a method of doping, which is highly suited for the investigation of those effects. By focussing mainly on Fe, Co or Ni implanted ZnO single crystals we show that there are manifold sources for ferromagnetism in this material which can easily be confused with the formation of a ferromagnetic diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS). We will focus on metallic as well as oxide precipitates and the difficulties of their identification.

arXiv comment24 pages, 22 figures

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Cited by in corpus (6)

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• d-zero Magnetism in Nanoporous Amorphous Alumina Membranes
• Ferromagnetism in Co-doped ZnO films grown by molecular beam epitaxy: magnetic, electrical and microstructural studies