Borel and Stokes Nonperturbative Phenomena in Topological String Theory and c=1 Matrix Models

Abstract

We address the nonperturbative structure of topological strings and c=1 matrix models, focusing on understanding the nature of instanton effects alongside with exploring their relation to the large-order behavior of the 1/N expansion. We consider the Gaussian, Penner and Chern-Simons matrix models, together with their holographic duals, the c=1 minimal string at self-dual radius and topological string theory on the resolved conifold. We employ Borel analysis to obtain the exact all-loop multi-instanton corrections to the free energies of the aforementioned models, and show that the leading poles in the Borel plane control the large-order behavior of perturbation theory. We understand the nonperturbative effects in terms of the Schwinger effect and provide a semiclassical picture in terms of eigenvalue tunneling between critical points of the multi-sheeted matrix model effective potentials. In particular, we relate instantons to Stokes phenomena via a hyperasymptotic analysis, providing a smoothing of the nonperturbative ambiguity. Our predictions for the multi-instanton expansions are confirmed within the trans-series set-up, which in the double-scaling limit describes nonperturbative corrections to the Toda equation. Finally, we provide a spacetime realization of our nonperturbative corrections in terms of toric D-brane instantons which, in the double-scaling limit, precisely match D-instanton contributions to c=1 minimal strings.

71 pages, 14 figures, JHEP3.cls; v2: added refs, minor changes

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• Remodeling the B-model
• Nonperturbative effects and nonperturbative definitions in matrix models and topological strings
• Phase transitions, double-scaling limit, and topological strings
• Large N expansion of convergent matrix integrals, holomorphic anomalies, and background independence
• Nonperturbative Effect in c=1 Noncritical String Theory and Penner Model

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