Chemical nonequilibrium for interacting bosons: applications to the pion gas

Abstract

We consider an interacting pion gas in the regime where thermal but not chemical equilibrium has been reached. Approximate particle number conservation is implemented by a nonvanishing pion chemical potential ${\mu }_{\pi }$ within a diagrammatic thermal field theory approach, valid in principle for any bosonic field theory in this regime. The resulting Feynman rules are then applied within the context of Chiral Perturbation Theory to discuss thermodynamical quantities of interest for the pion gas such as the free energy, the quark condensate and thermal self-energy. In particular, we derive the ${\mu }_{\pi }\ne 0$ generalization of Luscher and Gell-Mann-Oakes-Renner type relations. We pay special attention to the comparison with the conventional kinetic theory approach in the dilute regime, which allows for a check of consistency of our approach. Several phenomenological applications are discussed, concerning chiral symmetry restoration, freeze-out conditions and Bose-Einstein pion condensation.

arXiv comment30 pages, 10 figures. Final version accepted in Phys.Rev.D

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Cited by in corpus (5)

• Medium effects on the viscosities of a pion gas
• Electromagnetic effects in the pion dispersion relation at finite temperature
• Degeneracy patterns of chiral companions at finite temperature
• Chiral symmetry breaking and chemical equilibrium in a heavy-ion collisions
• Transport coefficients of a massive pion gas