Ubiquitous H-alpha polarized line profiles: absorptive spectropolarimetric effects and temporal variability in Post-AGB, Herbig Ae/Be and other stellar types

Abstract

We show here that the absorptive H-alpha polarized line profile previously seen in many Herbig Ae/Be (HAeBe) stars is a nearly ubiquitous feature of other types of embedded or obscured stars. This characteristic 1% linear polarization variation across the absorptive part of the H-alpha line is seen in Post-AGB stars as well as RV-Tau, Delta-Scuti, and other types. Each of these stars shows evidence of obscuration by intervening circumstellar hydrogen gas and the polarization effect is in the absorptive component, consistent with an optical pumping model. We present ESPaDOnS spectropolarimetric observations of 9 post-AGB and RV-Tau types in addition to many multi-epoch HiVIS observations of these targets. We find significant polarization changes across the H-alpha line in 8/9 stars with polarization amplitudes of 0.5% to over 3% (5/6 Post-AGB and 3/3 RV-Tau). In all but one of these, the polarization change is dominated by the absorptive component of the line profile. There is no evidence that subclasses of obscured stars showing stellar pulsations (RV-Tau for Post-AGB stars and Delta-Scuti for Herbig Ae/Be stars) show significant spectropolarimetric differences from the main class. Significant temporal variability is evident from both HiVIS and ESPaDOnS data for several stars presented here: 89 Her, AC Her, SS Lep, MWC 120, AB Aurigae and HD144668. The morphologies and temporal variability are comparable to existing large samples of Herbig Ae/Be and Be type stars. Since Post-AGB stars have circumstellar gas that is very different from Be stars, we discuss these observations in the context of their differing environments.

Accepted in ApJ, EmulateApJ - 11 pages, 11 figures

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• Multi-band polarimetry of post-asymptotic giant branch stars stars. Optical measurements
• Calibrating and Stabilizing Spectropolarimeters with Charge Shuffling and Daytime Sky Measurements
• The Hanle Effect as a Diagnostic of Magnetic Fields in Stellar Envelopes. V. Thin Lines from Keplerian Disks
• The solar-like "Second Spectrum" and the polarised metal lines in emission of the post-AGB binary 89 Herculis