Complexity Classes as Mathematical Axioms
arXiv:0810.0033
Abstract
Treating a conjecture, P^#P != NP, on the separation of complexity classes as an axiom, an implication is found in three manifold topology with little obvious connection to complexity theory. This is reminiscent of Harvey Friedman's work on finitistic interpretations of large cardinal axioms.
Some minor changes and one more reference. To appear in Ann. Math