A direct measurement of the Bose-Einstein Condensation universality class in NiCl${}_2$-4SC(NH${}_2$)${}_2$ at ultra-low temperatures

Abstract

In this work, we demonstrate field-induced Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in the organic compound NiCl${}_2$-4SC(NH${}_2$)${}_2$ using AC susceptibility measurements down to 1 mK. The Ni $\textsl{S}$=1 spins exhibit 3D $XY$ antiferromagnetism between a lower critical field $H_{c1}\sim$ 2 T and a upper critical field $H_{c2}\sim$ 12 T. The results show a power-law temperature dependence of the phase transition line $H_{c1}(T)-H_{c1}(0)=a{T}^{\alpha }$ with $\alpha =$ 1.47$\pm$0.10 and $H_{c1}(0)=2.053$ T, consistent with the 3D Bose-Einstein Condensation universality class. An abnormal change was found in the phase boundary near $H_{c2}$ at approximately 150 mK.

arXiv comment4 pages, 4 figures

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