One-dimensional quantum random walks with two entangled coins

Abstract

We offer theoretical explanations for some recent observations in numerical simulations of quantum random walks (QRW). Specifically, in the case of a QRW on the line with one particle (walker) and two entangled coins, we explain the phenomenon, called "localization", whereby the probability distribution of the walker's position is seen to exhibit a persistent major "spike" (or "peak") at the initial position and two other minor spikes which drift to infinity in either direction. Another interesting finding in connection with QRW's of this sort pertains to the limiting behavior of the position probability distribution. It is seen that the probability of finding the walker at any given location becomes eventually stationary and non-vanishing. We explain these observations in terms of the degeneration of some eigenvalue of the time evolution operator $U(k)$. An explicit general formula is derived for the limiting probability, from which we deduce the limiting value of the height of the observed spike at the origin. We show that the limiting probability decreases {\em quadratically} for large values of the position $x$. We locate the two minor spikes and demonstrate that their positions are determined by the phases of non-degenerated eigenvalues of $U(k)$. Finally, for fixed time $t$ sufficiently large, we examine the dependence on $t$ of the probability of finding a particle at a given location $x$.

11 pages

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• Limit Theorems For Quantum Walks Associated with Hadamard Matrices
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• One-dimensional quantum walks driven by two-entangled-qubit coins
• Limit measures of inhomogeneous discrete-time quantum walks in one dimension
• Weak limits for quantum walks on the half-line
• Localization and Fractality in Inhomogeneous Quantum Walks with Self-Duality
• Quantum Simulation of Neutrino Oscillation and Dirac Particle Dynamics in Curved Space-time
• Asymptotic distributions of quantum walks on the line with two entangled coins
• Optimization for the propagation of a multiparticle quantum walk in a one-dimensional lattice
• Two-dimensional quantum central limit theorem by quantum walks
• Quantum walk on a square lattice with identical particles
• Generalized quantum teleportation of shared quantum secret with quantum walks