Stable quarks of the 4th family?

Abstract

Existence of metastable quarks of new generation can be embedded into phenomenology of heterotic string together with new long range interaction, which only this new generation possesses. We discuss primordial quark production in the early Universe, their successive cosmological evolution and astrophysical effects, as well as possible production in present or future accelerators. In case of a charge symmetry of 4th generation quarks in Universe, they can be stored in neutral mesons, doubly positively charged baryons, while all the doubly negatively charged "baryons" are combined with He-4 into neutral nucleus-size atom-like states. The existence of all these anomalous stable particles may escape present experimental limits, being close to present and future experimental test. Due to the nuclear binding with He-4 primordial lightest baryons of the 4th generation with charge +1 can also escape the experimental upper limits on anomalous isotopes of hydrogen, being compatible with upper limits on anomalous lithium. While 4th quark hadrons are rare, their presence may be nearly detectable in cosmic rays, muon and neutrino fluxes and cosmic electromagnetic spectra. In case of charge asymmetry, a nontrivial solution for the problem of dark matter (DM) can be provided by excessive (meta)stable anti-up quarks of 4th generation, bound with He-4 in specific nuclear-interacting form of dark matter. Such candidate to DM is surprisingly close to Warm Dark Matter by its role in large scale structure formation. It catalyzes primordial heavy element production in Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and new types of nuclear transformations around us.

arXiv comment28 pages, 3 figures; Invited contribution to the book "The Physics of Quarks: New Research", Nova Science Publishers, 2008

References in corpus (29)

• High-Energy-Physics Event Generation with PYTHIA 6.1
• A High Spectral Resolution Observation of the Soft X-ray Diffuse Background with Thermal Detectors
• Dark matter and the first stars: a new phase of stellar evolution
• Towards Closing the Window on Strongly Interacting Dark Matter: Far-Reaching Constraints from Earth's Heat Flow
• Big Bang Nucleosynthesis with Long Lived Charged Massive Particles
• Strong Interactive Massive Particles from a Strong Coupled Theory
• Dark matter with invisible light from heavy double charged leptons of almost-commutative geometry?
• Invisible Higgs Boson Decay into Massive Neutrinos of 4th Generation
• A Window in the Dark Matter Exclusion Limits
• Dark matter burners
• The Zero Age Main Sequence of WIMP burners
• Generalized mass formula for non-strange and hyper nuclei with SU(6) symmetry breaking
• Dark matter dynamics in Galactic center
• Uranus's anomalously low excess heat constrains strongly interacting dark matter
• Possible Effects of the Existence of the 4th Generation Neutrino
• Primordial bound systems of superheavy particles as the source of ultra-high energy cosmic rays
• Stable matter of 4th generation: hidden in the Universe and close to detection?
• A Sinister Extension of the Standard Model to SU(3)XSU(2)XSU(2)XU(1)
• Effect of dark matter annihilation on gas cooling and star formation
• Tera-Leptons Shadows over Sinister Universe
• Composite Dark Matter with Invisible Light from Almost-Commutative Geometry
• The Effect of Dark Matter on the First Stars: A New Phase of Stellar Evolution
• New symmetries in microphysics, new stable forms of matter around us
• Composite Dark Matter and its Charged Constituents
• Composite dark matter from 4th generation
• Dark matter from stable charged particles?
• Identifying Dark Matter Burners in the Galactic center
• May Heavy hadrons of the 4th generation be hidden in our Universe while close to detection?
• On the Heavy Relic Neutrino - Galactic Gamma Halo Connection

Cited by in corpus (14)

• Less space for a new family of fermions
• Composite dark matter from stable charged constituents
• High Energy Positrons and Gamma Radiation from Decaying Constituents of a two-component Dark Atom Model
• The Spectrum of the 4-Generation Dirac-Kaehler Extension of the SM
• Low energy binding of composite dark matter with nuclei as a solution for the puzzles of dark matter searches
• Dark Atoms and their decaying constituents
• The dark atoms of dark matter
• Charge asymmetry of new stable quarks in baryon asymmetrical Universe
• Accelerator probes for new stable quarks
• Dark Atoms of the Universe: towards OHe nuclear physics
• Proceedings to the 27th Workshop "What Comes Beyond the Standard Models" Bled, July 8-17, 2024
• Probes for 4th generation constituents of dark atoms in Higgs boson studies at the LHC
• Do we understand the internal spaces of second quantized fermion and boson fields, with gravity included? Relation with strings theories
• Quark mass matrices inspired by a numerical relation