Correlations among discontinuities in QCD phase diagram

Abstract

We show, in general, that when a discontinuity of either zeroth-order or first-order takes place in an order parameter such as the chiral condensate, discontinuities of the same order emerge in other order parameters such as the Polyakov loop. A condition for the coexistence theorem to be valid is clarified. Consequently, only when the condition breaks down, zeroth-order and first-order discontinuities can coexist on a phase boundary. We show with the Polyakov-loop extended Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model that such a type of coexistence is realized in the imaginary chemical potential region of the QCD phase diagram. We also present examples of coexistence of the same-order discontinuities in the real chemical potential region.

17 pages, 7 figures, version accepted for publication in J. Phys. G

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• Equation of state in the PNJL model with the entanglement interaction
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• Theta vacuum and entanglement interaction in the three-flavor Polyakov-loop extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model
• Chiral condensate and dressed Polyakov loop in the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model
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• Average phase factor in the PNJL model
• Phase structure and Hosotani mechanism in gauge theories with compact dimensions revisited
• Violations of parity and charge conjugation in the theta vacuum with imaginary chemical potential
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• Two-color QCD at imaginary chemical potential and its impact on real chemical potential
• Spontaneous parity and charge-conjugation violations at real isospin and imaginary baryon chemical potentials
• Equation of state and transition temperatures in the quark-hadron hybrid model
• Investigation of meson masses for real and imaginary chemical potential