On the Enhancement of Mass Loss in Cepheids Due to Radial Pulsation

Abstract

An analytical derivation is presented for computing mass-loss rates of Cepheids by using the method of Castor, Abbott, & Klein (1975) modified to include a term for momentum input from pulsation and shocks generated in the atmosphere. Using this derivation, mass-loss rates of Cepheids are determined as a function of stellar parameters. When applied to a set of known Cepheids, the calculated mass-loss rates range from 10^{-10} to 10^{-7}M_{Sun}/yr, larger than if the winds were driven by radiation alone. Infrared excesses based on the predicted mass-loss rates are compared to observations from optical interferometry and IRAS, and predictions are made for Spitzer observations. The mass-loss rates are consistent with the observations, within the uncertainties of each. The rate of period change of Cepheids is discussed and shown to relate to mass loss, albeit the dependence is very weak. There is also a correlation between the large mass-loss rates and the Cepheids with slowest absolute rate of period change due to evolution through the instability strip. The enhanced mass loss helps illuminate the issue of infrared excess and the mass discrepancy found in Cepheids.

arXiv comment46 pages, 12 figures, 6 tables, ApJ accepted

References in corpus (16)

• The Expulsion of Stellar Envelopes in Core-Collapse Supernovae
• Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensor Parallaxes of Galactic Cepheid Variable Stars: Period-Luminosity Relations
• Astrometry with Hubble Space Telescope: A Parallax of the Fundamental Distance Calibrator delta Cephei
• New Period-Luminosity and Period-Color Relations of Classical Cepheids: I. Cepheids in the Galaxy
• Bump Cepheids in the Magellanic Clouds: Metallicities, the Distances to the LMC and SMC, and the Pulsation-Evolution Mass Discrepancy
• X-ray Spectral Study of the Photoionized Stellar Wind in Vela~X-1
• Rate of Period Change as a Diagnostic of Cepheid Properties
• Cepheid distances from infrared long-baseline interferometry - I. VINCI/VLTI observations of seven Galactic Cepheids
• High resolution spectroscopy for Cepheids distance determination. II. A period- projection factor relation
• High resolution spectroscopy for Cepheids distance determination. III. A relation between gamma-velocities and gamma-asymmetries
• Cepheid Mass-loss and the Pulsation -- Evolutionary Mass Discrepancy
• Improving the mass determination of Galactic Cepheids
• Extended envelopes around Galactic Cepheids III. Y Oph and alpha Per from near-infrared interferometry with CHARA/FLUOR
• Very accurate Distances and Radii of Open Cluster Cepheids from a Near-Infrared Surface Brightness Technique
• Cepheid Masses: FUSE Observations of S Mus
• The Period Changes of the Cepheid RT Aurigae

Cited by in corpus (56)

• Pre-Supernova Evolution of Massive Single and Binary Stars
• Testing a Predictive Theoretical Model for the Mass Loss Rates of Cool Stars
• Evolution of massive stars with pulsation-driven superwinds during the RSG phase
• Direct Detection of the Close Companion of Polaris with the Hubble Space Telescope
• Scaled solar tracks and isochrones in a large region of the Z-Y plane. II. From 2.5 to 20 solar masses
• On the Effect of Rotation on Populations of Classical Cepheids II. Pulsation Analysis for Metallicities 0.014, 0.006, and 0.002
• Accurate dynamical mass determination of a classical Cepheid in an eclipsing binary system
• On the effect of rotation on populations of classical Cepheids I. Predictions at solar metallicity
• The Cepheid mass discrepancy and pulsation-driven mass loss
• Systematic detection of magnetic fields in massive, late-type supergiants
• On the evolutionary and pulsation mass of Classical Cepheids: III. the case of the eclipsing binary Cepheid CEP0227 in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• An Infrared Nebula Associated with Delta Cephei: Evidence of Mass Loss?
• The circumstellar envelopes of the Cepheids L Car and RS Pup - Comparative study in the infrared with Spitzer, VLT/VISIR and VLTI/MIDI
• Pulsations of red supergiant pair-instability supernova progenitors leading to extreme mass loss
• Variability of Red Supergiants in M31 from the Palomar Transient Factory
• New Evidence for Mass Loss from delta Cephei from HI 21-cm Line Observations
• Galactic Cepheids with Spitzer: II. Search for Extended Infrared Emission
• A Pulsational Mechanism for Producing Keplerian Disks around Be Stars
• Observational calibration of the projection factor of Cepheids IV. Period-projection factor relation of Galactic and Magellanic Cloud Cepheids
• Classical Cepheids Require Enhanced Mass Loss
• The period change of the Cepheid Polaris suggests enhanced mass loss
• The VMC survey - XXIII. Model fitting of light and radial velocity curves of Small Magellanic Cloud classical Cepheids
• Extended envelopes around Galactic Cepheids IV. T Monocerotis and X Sagittarii from mid-infrared interferometry with VLTI/MIDI
• Thermal infrared properties of classical and type II Cepheids Diffraction limited 10 microns imaging with VLT/VISIR
• A new type of X-ray pulsar
• Establishing a mass-loss rate relation for red supergiants in the Large Magellanic Cloud
• A thin shell of ionized gas explaining the IR excess of classical Cepheids
• Testing Mass Loss in Large Magellanic Cloud Cepheids using Infrared and Optical Observations
• Cepheid limb darkening, angular diameter corrections, and projection factor from static spherical model stellar atmospheres
• Testing Mass Loss in Large Magellanic Cloud Cepheids using Infrared and Optical Observations II. Predictions and Tests of the OGLE-III Fundamental-Mode Cepheids
• Is there a mass discrepancy in the Cepheid binary OGLE-LMC-CEP0227?
• Investigating light curve modulation via kernel smoothing. II. New additional modes in single-mode OGLE classical Cepheids
• X-ray diagnostics of massive star winds
• The Secret Lives of Cepheids: Evolution, Mass Loss, and Ultraviolet Emission of the Long-Period Classical Cepheid $l$ Carinae
• On the Enhancement of Mass Loss in Cepheids Due to Radial Pulsation. II. The Effect of Metallicity
• Extended envelopes around Galactic Cepheids. V. Multi-wavelength and time-dependent analysis of IR excess
• The dynamical mass and evolutionary status of the type-II Cepheid in the eclipsing binary system OGLE-LMC-T2CEP-211 with a double-ring disk
• Variability of massive stars in M31 from the Palomar Transient Factory
• Asteroseismology of RRab variable star EZ Cnc from K2 photometry and LAMOST spectroscopy
• On X-ray pulsations in beta Cephei-type variables
• The long-period Galactic Cepheid RS Puppis - II. 3D structure and mass of the nebula from VLT/FORS polarimetry
• Elimination of the Blue Loops in the Evolution of Intermediate-mass Stars by the Neutrino Magnetic Moment and Large Extra Dimensions
• Period Change Rates of Large Magellanic Cloud Cepheids using MESA
• Cepheid Period-Luminosity Relation from the AKARI Observations
• A Search for Mass Loss on the Cepheid Instability Strip using HI 21-cm Line Observations
• Period Variations for the Cepheid VZ Cyg
• How Rotation Affects Masses and Ages of Classical Cepheids
• First Detection of Radio Emission Associated with a Classical Cepheid
• Indicators of Mass in Spherical Stellar Atmospheres
• Pulsation and Mass Loss Across the HR Diagram: From OB stars to Cepheids to Red Supergiants
• Asteroseismology, standard candles and the Hubble Constant: what is the role of asteroseismology in the era of precision cosmology?
• The VELOCE modulation zoo II. Humps and splitting patterns in spectral lines of classical Cepheids
• On Nonlinear Radial Adiabatic Pulsations of Polytropes
• Rotation and the Cepheid Mass Discrepancy
• The One-Zone Model of Cepheid's Pulsations by Zhevakin, Reconsidered
• A summary of instruments proposed for observing pulsating variables from the Mt. Abu Observatory