Sub-Shot-Noise Quantum Optical Interferometry: A Comparison of Entangled State Performance within a Unified Measurement Scheme

Abstract

Phase measurement using a lossless Mach-Zehnder interferometer with certain entangled $N$-photon states can lead to a phase sensitivity of the order of 1/N, the Heisenberg limit. However, previously considered output measurement schemes are different for different input states to achieve this limit. We show that it is possible to achieve this limit just by the parity measurement for all the commonly proposed entangled states. Based on the parity measurement scheme, the reductions of the phase sensitivity in the presence of photon loss are examined for the various input states.

5 pages, 2 figures

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• Optimization of quantum interferometric metrological sensors in the presence of photon loss
• Super-Resolution at the Shot-Noise Limit with Coherent States and Photon-Number-Resolving Detectors
• Super-Resolving Quantum Radar: Coherent-State Sources with Homodyne Detection Suffice to Beat the Diffraction Limit
• Probing mixing of photons and axion-like particles by geometric phase