Ultrafast, ultrabright, X-ray holography using a uniformly-redundant array

Abstract

Advances in the development of free-electron lasers offer the realistic prospect of high-resolution imaging to study the nanoworld on the time-scale of atomic motions. We identify X-ray Fourier Transform holography, (FTH) as a promising but, so far, inefficient scheme to do this. We show that a uniformly redundant array (URA) placed next to the sample, multiplies the efficiency of X-ray FTH by more than one thousand (approaching that of a perfect lens) and provides holographic images with both amplitude- and phase-contrast information. The experiments reported here demonstrate this concept by imaging a nano-fabricated object at a synchrotron source, and a bacterial cell at a soft X-ray free-electron-laser, where illumination by a single 15 fs pulse was successfully used in producing the holographic image. We expect with upcoming hard X-ray lasers to achieve considerably higher spatial resolution and to obtain ultrafast movies of excited states of matter.

5 pages, 3 figures, revtex

References in corpus (5)

• Femtosecond Diffractive Imaging with a Soft-X-ray Free-Electron Laser
• X-ray image reconstruction from a diffraction pattern alone
• High-resolution ab initio three-dimensional X-ray diffraction microscopy
• A unified evaluation of iterative projection algorithms for phase retrieval
• Use of extended and prepared reference objects in experimental Fourier transform X-ray holography

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