X-ray spectral evolution of TeV BL Lac objects: eleven years of observations with BeppoSAX, XMM-Newton and SWIFT satellites

Abstract

Many of the extragalactic sources detected in $\gamma$ rays at TeV energies are BL Lac objects. In particular, they belong to the subclass of ``high frequency peaked BL Lacs" (HBLs), as their spectral energy distributions exhibit a first peak in the X-ray band. At a closer look, their X-ray spectra appear to be generally curved into a log-parabolic shape. In a previous investigation of Mrk 421, two correlations were found between the spectral parameters. One involves the height $S_p$ increasing with the position $E_p$ of the first peak; this was interpreted as a signature of synchrotron emission from relativistic electrons. The other involves the curvature parameter $b$ decreasing as $E_p$ increases; this points toward statistical/stochastic acceleration processes for the emitting electrons. We analyse X-ray spectra of several TeV HBLs to pinpoint their behaviours in the $E_p-S_p$ and $E_p-b$ planes and to compare them with Mrk 421. We perfom X-ray spectral analyses of a sample of 15 BL Lacs. We report the whole set of observations obtained with the \sax, \xmm and \swf satellites between 29/06/96 and 07/04/07. We focus on five sources (PKS 0548-322, 1H 1426+418, Mrk 501, 1ES 1959+650, PKS2155-304) whose X-ray observations warrant detailed searching of correlations or trends. Within our database, we find that four out of five sources, namely PKS 0548-322, 1H 1426+418, Mrk 501 and 1ES 1959+650, follow similar trends as Mrk 421 in the $E_p-S_p$ plane, while PKS 2155-304 differs. As for the $E_p-b$ plane, all TeV HBLs follow a similar behaviour. The trends exhibited by Mrk 421 appear to be shared by several TeV HBLs, such as to warrant discussing predictions from the X-ray spectral evolution to that of TeV emissions.

14 pages, 9 figures, A&A accepted

References in corpus (4)

• Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) Three Year Results: Implications for Cosmology
• Signatures of synchrotron emission and of electron acceleration in the X-ray spectra of Mrk 421
• Evidence for VHE Gamma-ray Emission from the Distant BL Lac PG 1553+113
• Swift XRT and UVOT deep observations of the high energy peaked BL Lac object PKS 0548-322 close to its brightest state

Cited by in corpus (5)

• The curvature of spectral energy distribution of blazars
• Unveiling the nature of the unidentified gamma-ray sources IV: the $\text{Swift}$ catalog of potential X-ray counterparts
• XMM-Newton observations of the TeV BL Lac object PKS 2155--304 in 2006: signature of inverse Compton X-ray emission?
• Infrared to X-ray observations of PKS 2155-304 in a low state
• A Hard X-Ray View of Two Distant VHE Blazars: 1ES 1101-232 and 1ES 1553+113