Going Beyond Bell's Theorem

Abstract

Bell's Theorem proved that one cannot in general reproduce the results of quantum theory with a classical, deterministic local model. However, Einstein originally considered the case where one could define an 'element of reality', namely for the much simpler case where one could predict with certainty a definite outcome for an experiment. For this simple case, Bell's Theorem says nothing. But by using a slightly more complicated model than Bell, one can show that even in this simple case where one can make definite predictions, one still cannot generally introduce deterministic, local models to explain the results.

This original suggestion of GHZ-states and of what is today called multi-qubit entanglement is not generally accessible, so here we make it available electronically. Subsequently, such states were first realized with photons by Bouwmeester et al. arXiv:quant-ph/9810035 (PRL 82, 1345-49, 1999) and applied to a quantum nonlocality test by Pan et al. (Nature 403, 515-519, 2000)

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