Pairing Symmetry of CeCoIn${}_5$ Detected by In-plane Torque Measurements

Abstract

In-plane torque measurements were performed on heavy fermion CeCoIn${}_5$ single crystals in the temperature $T$ range 1.8 K $\le T\le 10$ K and applied magnetic field $H$ up to 14 T. The normal-state torque is given by ${\tau }_n\propto H^4(1+T/T_K{)}^{-1}\sin 4\varphi$. The reversible part of the mixed-state torque, obtained after subtracting the corresponding normal state torque, shows also a four-fold symmetry. In addition, sharp peaks are present in the irreversible torque at angles of $\pi /$4, 3$\pi$/4, 5$\pi$/4, 7$\pi$/4, etc. Both the four-fold symmetry in the reversible torque and the sharp peaks in the irreversible torque of the mixed state imply $d_{xy}$ symmetry of the superconducting order parameter. The field and temperature dependences of the reversible mixed-state torque provide further evidence for $d_{xy}$ wave symmetry. The four-fold symmetry in the normal state has a different origin since it has different field and temperature dependences than the one in the mixed state. The possible reasons of the normal state four-fold symmetry are discussed.

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