Implementation of the Random Forest Method for the Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope MAGIC

Abstract

The paper describes an application of the tree classification method Random Forest (RF), as used in the analysis of data from the ground-based gamma telescope MAGIC. In such telescopes, cosmic gamma-rays are observed and have to be discriminated against a dominating background of hadronic cosmic-ray particles. We describe the application of RF for this gamma/hadron separation. The RF method often shows superior performance in comparison with traditional semi-empirical techniques. Critical issues of the method and its implementation are discussed. An application of the RF method for estimation of a continuous parameter from related variables, rather than discrete classes, is also discussed.

16 pages, 8 figures

References in corpus (5)

• VHE Gamma-Ray Observation of the Crab Nebula and its Pulsar with the MAGIC telescope
• Very High Energy Gamma-ray Radiation from the Stellar-mass Black Hole Cygnus X-1
• Discovery of VHE Gamma Radiation from IC443 with the MAGIC Telescope
• Gamma-Hadron Separation Methods for the VERITAS Array of Four Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes
• Constraints on the steady and pulsed very high energy gamma-ray emission from observations of PSR B1951+32/CTB 80 with the MAGIC Telescope

Cited by in corpus (121)

• The major upgrade of the MAGIC telescopes, Part II: A performance study using observations of the Crab Nebula
• The major upgrade of the MAGIC telescopes, Part I: The hardware improvements and the commissioning of the system
• Performance of the MAGIC stereo system obtained with Crab Nebula data
• Monte Carlo design studies for the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• Gamma-Hadron Separation in Very-High-Energy gamma-ray astronomy using a multivariate analysis method
• MAGIC Gamma-ray Telescope Observation of the Perseus Cluster of Galaxies: implications for cosmic rays, dark matter, and NGC1275
• Teraelectronvolt pulsed emission from the Crab pulsar detected by MAGIC
• Improving the performance of the single-dish Cherenkov telescope MAGIC through the use of signal timing
• Measurement of the Crab Nebula spectrum over three decades in energy with the MAGIC telescopes
• The June 2008 flare of Markarian 421 from optical to TeV energies
• Periodic very high energy gamma-ray emission from LS I +61 303 observed with the MAGIC telescope
• Very High Energy Gamma-Ray Observations of a Strong Flaring Activity in M87 in 2008 February
• Searches for Dark Matter annihilation signatures in the Segue 1 satellite galaxy with the MAGIC-I telescope
• Spectral Energy Distribution of Markarian 501: Quiescent State vs. Extreme Outburst
• Measurement of the Extragalactic Background Light using MAGIC and Fermi-LAT gamma-ray observations of blazars up to z = 1
• MAGIC gamma-ray and multifrequency observations of flat spectrum radio quasar PKS 1510-089 in early 2012
• MAGIC observations and multiwavelength properties of the quasar 3C279 in 2007 and 2009
• Discovery of Very High Energy gamma-rays from the blazar S5 0716+714
• Morphological and spectral properties of the W51 region measured with the MAGIC telescopes
• MAGIC observations of the unidentified TeV gamma-ray source TeV J2032+4130
• MARS, the MAGIC Analysis and Reconstruction Software
• Observations of the Crab pulsar between 25 GeV and 100 GeV with the MAGIC I telescope
• Multiwavelength observations of Mrk 501 in 2008
• Mrk 421 active state in 2008: the MAGIC view, simultaneous multi-wavelength observations and SSC model constrained
• First NuSTAR Observations of Mrk 501 within a Radio to TeV Multi-Instrument Campaign
• Periastron Observations of TeV Gamma-Ray Emission from a Binary System with a 50-year Period
• Search for an extended VHE gamma-ray emission from Mrk 421 and Mrk 501 with the MAGIC Telescope
• Deep observation of the NGC 1275 region with MAGIC: search of diffuse gamma-ray emission from cosmic rays in the Perseus cluster
• Improved $\gamma$/hadron separation for the detection of faint gamma-ray sources using boosted decision trees
• Discovery of a very high energy gamma-ray signal from the 3C 66A/B region
• MAGIC very large zenith angle observations of the Crab Nebula up to 100 TeV
• Upper Limits on the VHE gamma-ray Emission from the Willman 1 Satellite Galaxy with the MAGIC telescope
• Simultaneous Multiwavelength observation of Mkn 501 in a low state in 2006
• MAGIC long-term study of the distant TeV blazar PKS 1424+240 in a multiwavelength context
• Magic constraints on Gamma-ray emission from Cygnus X-3
• Monte Carlo Performance Studies for the Site Selection of the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• PG 1553+113: five years of observations with MAGIC
• MAGIC observations of the diffuse $\gamma$-ray emission in the vicinity of the Galactic Centre
• Correlated X-ray and Very High Energy emission in the gamma-ray binary LS I +61 303
• VERITAS Observations of the Galactic Center Region at Multi-TeV Gamma-Ray Energies
• Combined searches for dark matter in dwarf spheroidal galaxies observed with the MAGIC telescopes, including new data from Coma Berenices and Draco
• Constraining Dark Matter lifetime with a deep gamma-ray survey of the Perseus Galaxy Cluster with MAGIC
• Indirect dark matter searches in the dwarf satellite galaxy Ursa Major II with the MAGIC Telescopes
• MAGIC observations of the giant radio galaxy M87 in a low-emission state between 2005 and 2007
• Discovery of TeV gamma-ray emission from the pulsar wind nebula 3C 58 by MAGIC
• MAGIC observations and multifrequency properties of the Flat Spectrum Radio Quasar 3C 279 in 2011
• Discovery of VHE gamma-ray emission from the BL Lac object B3 2247+381 with the MAGIC telescopes
• Suzaku and Multi-wavelength Observations of OJ 287 during the Periodic Optical Outburst in 2007
• Observations of Sagittarius A* during the pericenter passage of the G2 object with MAGIC
• Extracting gamma-ray information from images with convolutional neural network methods on simulated Cherenkov Telescope Array data
• MAGIC detection of short-term variability of the high-peaked BL Lac object 1ES 0806+524
• Constraints on particle acceleration in SS433/W50 from MAGIC and H.E.S.S. observations
• The analysis of VERITAS muon images using convolutional neural networks
• Observations of the Blazar 3C 66A with the MAGIC Telescopes in Stereoscopic Mode
• Discovery of very high energy gamma-ray emission from the blazar 1ES 1727+502 with the MAGIC Telescopes
• Super-orbital variability of LS I +61°303 at TeV energies
• Search for Gamma-ray Spectral Lines from Dark Matter Annihilation up to 100 TeV towards the Galactic Center with MAGIC
• Detection of VHE γ-rays from HESS J0632+057 during the 2011 February X-ray outburst with the MAGIC Telescopes
• Background Rejection in Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes using Recurrent Convolutional Neural Networks
• What to expect from dynamical modelling of cluster haloes II. Investigating dynamical state indicators with Random Forest
• A spatial likelihood analysis for MAGIC telescope data
• Observation of the gamma-ray binary HESS J0632+057 with the H.E.S.S., MAGIC, and VERITAS telescopes
• MAGIC reveals a complex morphology within the unidentified gamma-ray source HESS J1857+026
• Solving inverse problems with the unfolding program TRUEE: Examples in astroparticle physics
• Simultaneous multi-frequency observation of the unknown redshift blazar PG 1553+113 in March-April 2008
• Search for VHE $\gamma$-ray emission from the globular cluster M13 with the MAGIC telescope
• Discovery of very high energy gamma-ray emission from the blazar 1ES 0033+595 by the MAGIC telescopes
• Measurement of the Iron Spectrum in Cosmic Rays by VERITAS
• MAGIC upper limits to the VHE gamma-ray flux of 3C454.3 in high emission state
• A search for dark matter in Triangulum II with the MAGIC telescopes
• Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy: history and development of techniques
• Detection of the gamma-ray binary LS I +61 303 in a low flux state at Very High Energy gamma-rays with the MAGIC Telescopes in 2009
• Sensitivity estimate of the MACE gamma ray telescope
• Nature of the low-energy, γ-like background for the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• Gamma/Hadron Separation with the HAWC Observatory
• MAGIC observations of MWC 656, the only known Be/BH system
• First bounds on the high-energy emission from isolated Wolf-Rayet binary systems
• Influence of the Geomagnetic Field on the IACT detection technique for possible sites of CTA observatories
• High zenith angle observations of PKS 2155-304 with the MAGIC-I telescope
• A search for Very High Energy gamma-ray emission from Scorpius X-1 with the MAGIC telescopes
• MAGIC observations of the microquasar V404 Cygni during the 2015 outburst
• MAGIC and Fermi-LAT gamma-ray results on unassociated HAWC sources
• Validation of a new background discrimination method for the TACTIC TeV $\gamma$-ray telescope with Markarian 421 data
• Gamma/hadron segregation for a ground based imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope using machine learning methods: Random Forest leads
• Effect of the uncertainty in the hadronic interaction models on the estimation of the sensitivity of the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• Artificial Neural Network based gamma-hadron segregation methodology for TACTIC telescope
• Signal estimation in On/Off measurements including event-by-event variables
• Statistical Tools for Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes
• Deep learning techniques for Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes
• Muons as a tool for background rejection in Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope arrays
• Studying deep convolutional neural networks with hexagonal lattices for imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope event reconstruction
• Search for ultra-high energy photons through preshower effect with gamma-ray telescopes: Study of CTA-North efficiency
• Direct Comparison of SiPM and PMT Sensor Performances in a large-size imaging air Cherenkov telescope
• Calibration of the Cherenkov Telescope Array using Cosmic Ray Electrons
• Detection of the Crab Nebula using a Random Forest Analysis of the first TAIGA IACT Data
• Performance and systematic uncertainties of CTA-North in conditions of reduced atmospheric transmission
• An analysis method for data taken by Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes at very high energies under the presence of clouds
• MAGIC search for VHE $\gamma$-ray emission from AE Aquarii in a multiwavelength context
• Gamma/Hadron Separation in Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes Using Deep Learning Libraries TensorFlow and PyTorch
• CTLearn: Deep Learning for Gamma-ray Astronomy
• Estimation of the height of the first interaction in gamma-ray showers observed by Cherenkov telescopes
• A new method of reconstructing very-high-energy gamma-ray spectra: the Template Background Spectrum
• A citizen-science approach to muon events in imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescope data: the Muon Hunter
• The background from single electromagnetic subcascades for a stereo system of air Cherenkov telescopes
• MAGIC Upper Limits for two Milagro-detected, Bright Fermi Sources in the Region of SNR G65.1+0.6
• Machine Learning for the EUSO-SPB2 Fluorescence Telescope Data Analysis
• Selection of gamma events from IACT images with deep learning methods
• Developing a Machine Learning Algorithm-Based Classification Models for the Detection of High-Energy Gamma Particles
• Event reconstruction using pattern spectra and convolutional neural networks for the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• Signal-background separation and energy reconstruction of gamma rays using pattern spectra and convolutional neural networks for the Small-Sized Telescopes of the Cherenkov Telescope Array
• Application of Graph Networks to a wide-field Water-Cherenkov-based Gamma-Ray Observatory
• Analysis Methods for Gamma-ray Astronomy
• Particle identification capability of a homogeneous calorimeter composed of oriented crystals
• Machine Learning in Gamma Astronomy
• Testing the ubiquitous presence of very high energy emission in gamma-ray bursts with the MAGIC telescopes
• Search for Dark Matter decay signals in the Galactic Halo with the MAGIC telescopes
• A novel energy reconstruction method for the MAGIC stereoscopic observation
• Nonparametric signal separation in very-high-energy gamma ray observations with probabilistic neural networks
• Toward a Public MAGIC Gamma-Ray Telescope Legacy Data Portal
• Projected sensitivity of CTAO to axion-like particles from blazars with a machine learning approach
• Standardised formats and open-source analysis tools for the MAGIC telescopes data