KAM for the Non-Linear Schrödinger Equation

Abstract

We consider the $d$-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation under periodic boundary conditions: $-i\dot u=-Δu+V(x)*u+\ep \frac{\p F}{\p \bar u}(x,u,\bar u), \quad u=u(t,x), x\in\T^d $ where $V(x)=\sum \hat V(a)e^{i\sc{a,x}}$ is an analytic function with $\hat{V}$ real, and $F$ is a real analytic function in $\Re u$, $\Im u$ and $x$. (This equation is a popular model for the `real' NLS equation, where instead of the convolution term $V\ast u$ we have the potential term $Vu$.) For $\ep=0$ the equation is linear and has time--quasi-periodic solutions $u$, $$ u(t,x)=\sum_{a\in Å}\hat u(a)e^{i(|a|^2+\hat V(a))t}e^{i\sc{a,x}} \quad (|\hat u(a)|>0), $$ where $\mathring{A}$ is any finite subset of ${\mathbb{Z}}^d$. We shall treat ${\omega }_a=|a{|}^2+\hat{V}(a)$, $a\in \mathring{A}$, as free parameters in some domain $U\subset {\mathbb{R}}^{\mathring{A}}$. This is a Hamiltonian system in infinite degrees of freedom, degenerate but with external parameters, and we shall describe a KAM-theory which, under general conditions, will have the following consequence: If $|\ep|$ is sufficiently small, then there is a large subset $U^{\prime }$ of $U$ such that for all $\omega \in U^{\prime }$ the solution $u$ persists as a time--quasi-periodic solution which has all Lyapounov exponents equal to zero and whose linearized equation is reducible to constant coefficients.