Formation of superheavy nuclei in cold fusion reactions

Abstract

Within the concept of the dinuclear system (DNS), a dynamical model is proposed for describing the formation of superheavy nuclei in complete fusion reactions by incorporating the coupling of the relative motion to the nucleon transfer process. The capture of two heavy colliding nuclei, the formation of the compound nucleus and the de-excitation process are calculated by using an empirical coupled channel model, solving a master equation numerically and applying statistical theory, respectively. Evaporation residue excitation functions in cold fusion reactions are investigated systematically and compared with available experimental data. Maximal production cross sections of superheavy nuclei in cold fusion reactions with stable neutron-rich projectiles are obtained. Isotopic trends in the production of the superheavy elements Z=110, 112, 114, 116, 118 and 120 are analyzed systematically. Optimal combinations and the corresponding excitation energies are proposed.

18 pages, 8 figures

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• Production of heavy and superheavy nuclei in massive fusion reactions
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• Systematics on production of superheavy nuclei $Z=119-122$ in fusion-evaporation reactions
• Examination of promising reactions with ${}^{241}$Am and ${}^{244}$Cm targets for the synthesis of new superheavy elements within the dinuclear system model with a dynamical potential energy surface
• To reach neutron-rich heavy and superheavy nuclei by multinucleon transfer reactions with radioactive isotopes
• Fusion dynamics of symmetric systems near barrier energies
• Production of super-heavy nuclei in cold fusion reactions
• Multinucleon transfer dynamics in heavy-ion collisions near Coulomb barrier energies
• Production mechanism of neutron-deficient actinide isotopes in complete fusion reactions and multinucleon transfer reactions
• Dynamics of light nuclei produced in the massive transfer reactions
• Production of neutron-rich heavy nuclei around N = 162 in multinucleon transfer reactions
• Rare Isotope Formation in Complete Fusion and Multinucleon Transfer Reactions in Collisions of 48Ca +248Cm around Coulomb Barrier Energies
• Effects of entrance channel on fusion probability in hot fusion reactions
• Influence of entrance channel on production cross section of exotic actinides in multinucleon transfer reactions
• Potential energy surface and formation of superheavy nuclei with the Skyrme energy-density functional
• Preequilibrium cluster emission in massive transfer reactions near Coulomb barrier energy