Stokes trapping and planet formation

Abstract

It is believed that planets are formed by aggregation of dust particles suspended in the turbulent gas forming accretion disks around developing stars. We describe a mechanism, termed 'Stokes trapping', by which turbulence limits the growth of aggregates of dust particles, so that their Stokes number (defined as the ratio of the damping time of the particles to the Kolmogorov dissipation timescale) remains close to unity. We discuss possible mechanisms for avoiding this barrier to further growth. None of these is found to be satisfactory and we introduce a new theory which does not involve the growth of small clusters of dust grains.

30 pages, 4 figures. Revised version has improved concluding remarks, extended discussion of sticking velocity

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Cited by in corpus (28)

• Statistical models for spatial patterns of heavy particles in turbulence
• Collisional Aggregation due to Turbulence
• Shape-dependence of particle rotation in isotropic turbulence
• Tumbling of small axisymmetric particles in random and turbulent flows
• Prevalence of the sling effect for enhancing collision rates in turbulent suspensions
• Ergodic and non-ergodic clustering of inertial particles
• Relative velocities of inertial particles in turbulent aerosols
• Influence of the history force on inertial particle advection: Gravitational effects and horizontal diffusion
• Accretion in Protoplanetary Disks by Collisional Fusion
• Orientational dynamics of weakly inertial axisymmetric particles in steady viscous flows
• Correlation Dimension of Inertial Particles in Random Flows
• Particle-based modelling of aggregation and fragmentation processes: Fractal-like aggregates
• Distribution of velocity gradients and rate of caustic formation in turbulent aerosols at finite Kubo numbers
• Multiple collisions in turbulent flows
• Sticky elastic collisions
• Variable-range Projection Model for Turbulence-driven Collisions
• Relative velocities in bidisperse turbulent suspensions
• Relative velocities in bi-disperse turbulent aerosols: simulations and theory
• Analysis of the Correlation Dimension for Inertial Particles
• Paths to caustic formation in turbulent aerosols
• Caustics in turbulent aerosols form along the Vieillefosse line at weak particle inertia
• Erosion of planetesimals by gas flow
• Fractal catastrophes
• Planetesimals on eccentric orbits erode rapidly
• Bifurcations in droplet collisions
• Dynamics of impurities in a three-dimensional volume-preserving map
• Generalization of Taylor's formula to particles of arbitrary inertia
• Fractal dimensions and trajectory crossings in correlated random walks