Searching for Gravitational Radiation from Binary Black Hole MACHOs in the Galactic Halo

Abstract

The Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) is one of a new generation of detectors of gravitational radiation. The existence of gravitational radiation was first predicted by Einstein in 1916, however gravitational waves have not yet been directly observed. One source of gravitation radiation is binary inspiral. Two compact bodies orbiting each other, such as a pair of black holes, lose energy to gravitational radiation. As the system loses energy the bodies spiral towards each other. This causes their orbital speed and the amount of gravitational radiation to increase, producing a characteristic ``chirp'' waveform in the LIGO sensitive band. In this thesis, matched filtering of LIGO science data is used to search for low mass binary systems in the halo of dark matter surrounding the Milky Way. Observations of gravitational microlensing events of stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud suggest that some fraction of the dark matter in the halo may be in the form of Massive Astrophysical Compact Halo Objects (MACHOs). It has been proposed that low mass black holes formed in the early universe may be a component of the MACHO population; some fraction of these black hole MACHOs will be in binary systems and detectable by LIGO. The inspiral from a MACHO binary composed of two 0.5 solar mass black holes enters the LIGO sensitive band around 40 Hz. The chirp signal increases in amplitude and frequency, sweeping through the sensitive band to 4400 Hz in 140 seconds. By using evidence from microlensing events and theoretical predictions of the population an upper limit is placed on the rate of black hole MACHO inspirals in the galactic halo.

206 pages, 64 figures. Typos corrected in Eqs. (2.104), (2.108), (2.124) and (4.3)

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• Interpreting the results of searches for gravitational waves from coalescing binaries
• Evidence for subdominant multipole moments and precession in merging black-hole-binaries from GWTC-2.1
• Using the INSPIRAL program to search for gravitational waves from low-mass binary inspiral
• Prospects for early localization of gravitational-wave signals from compact binary coalescences with advanced detectors
• Genetic-algorithm-optimized neural networks for gravitational wave classification