Light Curves of Dwarf Plutonian Planets and other Large Kuiper Belt Objects: Their Rotations, Phase Functions and Absolute Magnitudes

Abstract

(Abridged) I report new light curves and determine the rotations and phase functions of several large Kuiper Belt objects, including the dwarf planet Eris (2003 UB313). (120348) 2004 TY364 shows a light curve which if double-peaked has a period of 11.70+-0.01 hours and peak-to-peak amplitude of 0.22+-0.02 magnitudes. (84922) 2003 VS2 has a well defined double-peaked light curve of 7.41+-0.02 hours with a 0.21+-0.02 magnitude range. (126154) 2001 YH140 shows variability of 0.21+-0.04 magnitudes with a possible 13.25+-0.2 hour single-peaked period. The seven new KBOs in the sample which show no discernible variations within the uncertainties on short rotational time scales are 2001 UQ18, (55565) 2002 AW197, (119979) 2002 WC19, (120132) 2003 FY128, (136108) Eris 2003 UB313, (90482) Orcus 2004 DW, and (90568) 2004 GV9. The three medium to large sized Kuiper Belt objects 2004 TY364, Orcus and 2004 GV9 show fairly steep linear phase curves (~0.18 to 0.26 mags per degree) between phase angles of 0.1 and 1.5 degrees. The extremely large dwarf planet Eris (2003 UB313) shows a shallower phase curve (0.09+-0.03 mags per degree) which is more similar to the other known dwarf planet Pluto. It appears the surface properties of the largest dwarf planets in the Kuiper Belt maybe different than the smaller Kuiper Belt objects. This may have to do with the larger objects ability to hold more volatile ices as well as sustain atmospheres. The absolute magnitudes obtained using the measured phase slopes are a few tenths of magnitudes different from those given by the MPC.

15 pages, 4 Tables, 32 Figures: Astronomical Journal in press

References in corpus (4)

• The Diverse Solar Phase Curves of Distant Icy Bodies. Part I: Photometric Observations of 18 Trans-Neptunian Objects, 7 Centaurs, and Nereid
• Direct measurement of the size of 2003 UB313 from the Hubble Space Telescope
• The Albedo, Size, and Density of Binary Kuiper Belt Object (47171) 1999 TC36
• Time series photometry of the dwarf planet ERIS (2003 UB313)

Cited by in corpus (15)

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• "TNOs are Cool": A survey of the trans-Neptunian region VI. Herschel/PACS observations and thermal modeling of 19 classical Kuiper belt objects
• Transneptunian objects and Centaurs from light curves
• High Precision Photometry of Extreme KBO 2003 EL61
• Rotational properties of the binary and non-binary populations in the Trans-Neptunian belt
• The Youthful Appearance of the 2003 EL61 Collisional Family
• Tentative Detection of the Rotation of Eris
• A possible dynamically Cold Classical contact binary: (126719) 2002 CC249
• A mid-term astrometric and photometric study of Trans-Neptunian Object (90482) Orcus
• Tidally locked rotation of the dwarf planet (136199) Eris discovered from long-term ground based and space photometry
• Polarimetry of the dwarf planet (136199) Eris
• TNOs are Cool: a survey of the Transneptunian Region XII. Thermal light curves of Haumea, 2003 VS2 and 2003 AZ84 with Herschel Space Observatory-PACS
• The multichord stellar occultation on 2019 October 22 by the trans-Neptunian object (84922) 2003 VS${}_2$
• Measuring the Sizes, Shapes, Surface Features and Rotations of Solar System Objects with Interferometry
• The Rotational Light Curve of (79360) Sila-Nunam, an Eclipsing Binary in the Kuiper Belt