Benchmarking NIST-Standardised ML-KEM and ML-DSA on ARM Cortex-M0+: Latency, Rejection-Sampling Variance, and Memory on the RP2040

Rojin Chhetri, Sijan Dhakal, Asmita Gautam

Internet of Things devices with 10 to 20 year lifespans need post-quantum migration, yet the finalised NIST standards remain sparsely benchmarked on the most constrained 32-bit ARM…