Local Lyapunov analysis via micro-ensembles: finite-time Lyapunov exponent estimation and KNN-based predictive comparison in complex-valued BAM neural networks

Yazhini Muruganantham, Andrei Velichko, Samidurai Rajendran

Complex-valued bidirectional associative memory (BAM) neural networks with fractional-order dynamics and delays can exhibit transient instabilities that degrade synchronization and…