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astro-ph.IM2026

Community Lessons from builders of infrared multi-object spectrographs

Solange V. Ramirez, Maren Cosens, Nicholas P. Konidaris +21

We present a summary of lessons learned from our community on the design and construction of infrared multi-object spectrographs. As members of the Magellan Infrared Multi-Object S…

astro-ph.IM2026

The GOTO Telescope Control System

Martin J. Dyer, Vik S. Dhillon, Stuart Littlefair +21

The Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO) operates a network of robotic, wide-field survey telescopes searching for optical transients to gravitational-wave signals…

astro-ph.IM2026

Automation and Modernisation of Legacy BiSON Solar Observatories with the BiSON:NG Platform

S. J. Hale, E. Murray, W. J. Chaplin +4

The Birmingham Solar Oscillations Network (BiSON) provides long-term, high-precision Sun-as-a-star radial-velocity observations for helioseismology. While most BiSON sites operate…

astro-ph.IM2026

Early Exploration of the Scientific Discovery Space for the Habitable Worlds Observatory

Courtney D. Dressing, Danica Adams, Evelyne Alecian +324

The Habitable Worlds Observatory (HWO) is a future NASA flagship mission concept identified by the Astro2020 Decadal Survey as the highest priority for large space missions. HWO sh…

astro-ph.IM2026

Transformer-Based Source Detection and Morphological Classification in LOFAR Deep-Field Continuum Images

Guangwen Chen, Kristian Z. Adami, John Abela +7

Radio source detection and morphological classification are fundamental for exploiting the scientific potential of modern radio continuum surveys. However, the rapidly increasing d…

astro-ph.IM2026

Photonic integrated circuits for astronomy: A formal description of an integrated photonics-based wavefront sensor (IP-WFS)

Diego Portero-Rodríguez, Hugo García-Vázquez, José Javier Díaz García +3

Context. Solar wavefront sensing has been a challenge for astrophysical instrumentalists, due to the low contrast between the Sun and the sky background compared to night-time obse…

astro-ph.IM2026

Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). AstroVink: A vision transformer approach to find strong gravitational lens systems

Euclid Collaboration, S. H. Vincken, K. Rojas +302

We present AstroVink, a vision transformer classifier designed for automated identification of strong lens candidates in Euclid imaging. We build upon the DINOv2 encoder, fine tune…

astro-ph.IM2026

The WEAVE acquisition and guiding software: pattern recognition-based acquisition and multi-fibre guiding

Emanuel Gafton, Gavin B. Dalton, Don Carlos Abrams +19

We present the architecture, implementation, and on-sky validation of the fully automated acquisition and guiding system (AG) developed for the WEAVE instrument on the William Hers…

astro-ph.IM2026

Euclid: An automated system to match Rubin transient alerts to Euclid observations

C. Duffy, I. M. Hook, C. M. Gutierrez +150

The Vera C. Rubin observatory is expected to produce 10 million transient alerts per night in ugrizy filters, whilst Euclid is a visible to near-infrared space telescope engaged in…

astro-ph.IM2026

Well-being and career instability across genders in the Spanish Astronomical Society

Maritza A. Lara-Lopez, I. Rebollido, A. Vidal-Garcia +9

We present the results of a comprehensive survey conducted among members of the Spanish Astronomical Society (Sociedad Espanola de Astronomia, SEA) to assess well-being, profession…

astro-ph.IM2026

Euclid. Properties and performance of the NISP signal estimator

Euclid Collaboration, F. Cogato, B. Kubik +292

The Euclid spacecraft, located at the second Lagrangian point of the Sun-Earth system, hosts the Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) instrument. NISP is equipped with…

astro-ph.IM2026

A High-Throughput AES-GCM Implementation on GPUs for Secure, Policy-Based Access to Massive Astronomical Catalogs

Samuel Lemes-Perera, Miguel R. Alarcon, Pino Caballero-Gil +1

The era of large astronomical surveys generates massive image catalogs requiring efficient and secure access, particularly during pre-publication periods where data confidentiality…

astro-ph.IM2026★ 7 cited

Sunrise III: The Wavefront Correction System

Thomas Berkefeld, Alexander Bell, Reiner Volkmer +19

This paper describes the wave-front correction and image stabilisation system (CWS) developed for the Sunrise III balloon-borne telescope, and provides information about its perfor…

astro-ph.IM2025

Sailing to the next safe harbour in our trip to the early Universe: The massive star population of metal-poor galaxies

N. Castro, M. Garcia, A. Herrero +5

Very metal-poor massive stars in the Local Group are our best proxies for the Universe's first stars, making them essential for modeling reionization and early galactic chemical ev…

astro-ph.IM2025

Why the Northern Hemisphere Needs a 30-40 m Telescope and the Science at Stake: Northern Local Star-forming Dwarf Galaxies. Analogues of the First Galaxies and Probes of the Cosmic Metallicity Scale

C. Esteban, J. M. Vilchez, J. García-Rojas +15

Star-forming dwarf galaxies in the local Universe, especially extremely metal-poor ones, can be considered analogous to early galaxies of the Epoch of Reionization (z >= 6). Curren…

astro-ph.IM2025

Why the Northern Hemisphere Needs a 30-40 m Telescope and the Science at Stake: Resolved Stellar Populations Studies in M31 and its Satellites

C. Gallart, E. Fernández-Alvar, A. B. A. Queiroz +48

A 30 m class optical/near-IR telescope in the Northern Hemisphere, equipped for diffraction-limited imaging and high-resolution, multi-object spectroscopy of faint stars, would ena…

astro-ph.IM2025

Why the Northern Hemisphere Needs a 30-40 m Telescope and the Science at Stake: Mapping formation pathways of nuclear star clusters across galaxies

Francesca Pinna, Isabel Pérez, Anna Ferré-Mateu +21

Nuclear star clusters (NSCs) are dense, compact stellar systems only a few parsecs across, located at galaxy centers. Their small sizes make them difficult to resolve spatially. NS…

astro-ph.IM2025

Why the Northern Hemisphere Needs a 30-40m Telescope and the Science at Stake: from Interstellar Visitors to Planetary Defence

J. de León, N. Pinilla-Alonso, P. Tanga +49

Small Solar system Objects (SSOs) preserve the physical, chemical, and dynamical signatures of the Sun's protoplanetary disk. Upcoming surveys will discover vast numbers of new obj…

astro-ph.IM2025

The Future of Evolved Planetary Systems

Roberto Raddi, Anna F. Pala, Alberto Rebassa-Mansergas +19

Understanding the formation, evolution, and chemical diversity of exoplanets are now central areas of astrophysics research. White dwarfs provide a uniquely sensitive laboratory fo…

astro-ph.IM2025

Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). From simulations to sky: Advancing machine-learning lens detection with real Euclid data

Euclid Collaboration, N. E. P. Lines, T. E. Collett +301

In the era of large-scale surveys like Euclid, machine learning has become an essential tool for identifying rare yet scientifically valuable objects, such as strong gravitational…

astro-ph.IM2025

QUIJOTE-TFGI polarization calibration -- Ground characterization and on-sky validation with Tau A and the Moon

Alessandro Fasano, Mateo Fernández-Torreiro, Guillermo Pascual-Cisneros +6

Our objective is to characterize the QUIJOTE Thirty and Forty GHz instrument (TFGI), calibrate it with a reference calibration signal on the ground, compare our results with on-sky…

astro-ph.IM2025

Euclid Structural-Thermal-Optical Performance

Euclid Collaboration, A. Anselmi, R. Laureijs +290

The Euclid system performance is defined in terms of image quality metrics tuned to the weak gravitational lensing (WL) cosmological probe. WL induces stringent requirements on the…

astro-ph.IM2025★ 1 cited

The WEAVE-TwiLight-Survey: Expanding WEAVE's Reach to Bright and Low-Surface-Density Targets with a Novel Observing Mode

Thomas Hajnik, Nicholas A. Walton, Giuseppe D'Ago +28

Current-day multi-object spectroscopic surveys are often limited in their ability to observe bright stars due to their low surface densities, resulting in increased observational o…

astro-ph.IM2025★ 1 cited

The miniJPAS and J-NEP surveys: Machine learning for star-galaxy separation

Ana Paula Jeakel, Gabriel Vieira dos Santos, Valerio Marra +27

We present a supervised machine learning classification of sources from the Javalambre Physics of the Accelerating Universe Astrophysical Survey (J-PAS) Pathfinder datasets: miniJP…